First aid and CPR training are compulsory when the winter can be a challenging time for many but additional stress factors such as the risk of frostbite and hypothermia only make it worse. So here is some more information on how to identify these conditions and what you can do to help.
Frostbite is a serious condition in which the body tissue freezes. It is commonly seen in fingers, toes, ears, and the nose. Frostbite can be found in different levels; however, you should be able to identify preliminary symptoms so that you can move to a warmer place and bundle up with warmer clothing. These signs include skin that has started to appear shiny and rosy. If the symptoms progress and lead to superficial or deep frostbite, you must seek medical attention immediately. These symptoms include skin that has hardened or looks paler than the area around it, pain or stinging in the area, and numbness. Skin that has turned white, blue, or black can be a sign of deep frostbite.
Hypothermia occurs when a person has been exposed to cold temperatures for a prolonged period of time and consequently has a lowered body temperature. Hypothermia ranges from mild to severe occurrences. Mild hypothermia is typically associated with shivering, numbness in fingers and toes, and a body temperature slightly below normal. Moderate hypothermia progresses with additional symptoms such as impaired judgment, slurred speech, and confused behavior. Severe hypothermia occurs when the body temperature has dropped below 30 degrees Celsius, and the individual’s breathing and slowed or stopped. It can lead to a state of unconsciousness or a state in which the individual is unaware of their surroundings or behavior.
If you believe someone maybe is suffering from severe hypothermia or frostbite, call 911 immediately to seek further medical assistance. At the same time, try to get the person away from the cold and into a sheltered spot. Make sure you are treating them gently and remove any wet clothing from their body. Several measures can be taken to warm up the person. If blankets are available, use them to wrap the individual or assist them with putting on dry clothing. Heating pads can also be used to raise the individual’s body temperature. Make sure to keep the affected areas warm to prevent any re-freezing from occurring.
Preventative measures can also be taken to avoid such circumstances from occurring. Dressing up in layers and keeping your hands, feet, and head covered during wintertime is always a good idea. Drink warm fluids to keep your body warm and hydrated. Keep an extra jacket, a blanket, and a candle in your car in case of emergencies when heading out for extended periods of time.
